Ko te whakamaarama o te mata paipa paiherea me te whakamaarama i te wera ka mahia ma te whakamahana whakawera, ma te mura ahi ranei.Ko nga tawhā hangarau matua ko te pakeke o te mata, te pakeke o te rohe me te hohonu o te paparanga whakapakeke whai hua.Ka taea e te whakamatautau pakeke te whakamahi i te whakamaarama pakeke a Vickers, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i a Rockwell, i te papa ranei o Rockwell pakeke.Ko te whiriwhiringa o te kaha whakamatautau (tauine) e pa ana ki te hohonutanga o te paparanga whakapakeke whai hua me te pakeke o te mata o te paipa paiherea.Anei e toru nga pakeke.
Te tohu tohu
Ngā āhuatanga matū: te ātete teitei o te pāmahana, te ātete iti o te pāmahana, te ātete waikawa, te kawakore, te ātete waiora, me ētahi atu;
Tukatuka mahi: te toronga kakawaea, te tirotiro whati, te piko tonu, te whakamuri whakamuri, te whakamuri whakamuri, te toronga-rua, te whakamatautau waipēhi, te whakamatautau mura, te piko, te crimping, te papatahi, te roha whakakai, te toronga mowhiti, te microscopy Organisation, te whakamatautau kapu, te tātari metallographic, aha atu;
Te whakamatautau kore-whakangaro: X-ray whakamatautau kore-whakangaro, electromagnetic ultrasonic, ultrasonic, eddy current testing, magnetic flux leakage testing, penetrating testing, magnetic particle testing;
Nga taonga miihini: te kaha kaha, te whakamatautau paanga, te tohu hua, te roanga i muri i te pakaru, te whakaiti i te waahi, te taupae pakeke (Rockwell pakeke, Brinell pakeke, Vickers pakeke, Leeb pakeke, Webster pakeke);
Ko etahi atu mea: te hanganga whakarewa, te whakaurunga, te paparanga kua whakakorehia, te whakatau i te ihirangi moroiti, te tātari take waikura, te rahi o te witi me te whakatauranga moroiti, te hanganga mana iti, te waikura intergranular, te hangahanga moroiti superalloy, te hanganga metallographic teitei Tatari.
Te tātari whakatairite, te tautuhi rauemi, te tātari rahunga, te tātari wae, te tātari matū

Te tātari rahunga: tātari whati, tātari waikura, aha atu;

Te tātari huānga: te kimi tika me te tātaritanga o te konupora, hāora, hauota, waro, whanariki, silicon, rino, konumohe, ūkuikui, chromium, vanadium, titanium, parahi, cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, cerium, lanthanum i roto i nga konganuku, koranu me o raatau hua. , me te kowiri tira , Konupora, konupora, zinc, tine, antimony, arsenic me etahi atu mea whakarewa hanganga me te ihirangi;